Strengths: Streamlined formulation; cost-controllable;
No expandable fillers; predictable holding force curve facilitates engineering simulation;
Flexible basis weight and thickness design; adaptable to custom non-standard dimensions;
Lower organic content; reduced smoke during initial vehicle operation.
Limitations:
Narrow effective holding force temperature window; pronounced decay at high temperatures;
Demanding gap tolerance requirements; insufficient low-temperature holding force in oversized gaps;
Performance ceiling below intumescent mats; limited competitiveness in heavy-duty commercial vehicle long-life applications;
EU REACH restricted